- Glossary
- Cash Flow
Cash Flow
Cash flow refers to the net amount of cash and cash equivalents that move into and out of a business. Inflows and outflows are represented by money received and spent, respectively.
The ability of a firm to create value for shareholders ultimately depends on its capacity to produce positive cash flows, or more specifically, its potential to optimize long-term free cash flow (FCF). A company's free cash flow (FCF), which is the money it brings in from ongoing operations after subtracting any funds required for capital expenditures, is what remains after these deductions (CapEx).
Understanding Cash Flow
Cash flow refers to the amount of money that comes in and goes out of a business. The revenue earned from sales and money spent on various expenses are accounted for in the inflows and outflows. Apart from sales, businesses may earn from investments, interest, licensing agreements, and royalties. Moreover, they may offer credit sales to customers with the expectation of receiving payments at a later date.
Evaluating the magnitude, timeliness, and unpredictable nature of cash flows as well as their origins and destinations is one of the most important objectives of financial reporting. It is crucial for determining the liquidity, adaptability, and general financial success of an organization.
Types of Cash Flow
There are several kinds of cash flow, therefore it's critical to comprehend what each one is. Make sure to specify which cash flow term is being used when someone uses the phrase "CF" because it could apply to any of the following types.
Types of cash flow include:
- Cash from Operating Activities:Cash from investment is excluded from the amount of cash earned by a company's primary business operations. This can be seen on the Statement of Cash Flows for the business.
- Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE): The cash available after reinvestment back into the business is represented by FCFE(capital expenditures).
- Free Cash Flow to the Firm (FCFF): This measurement makes the assumption that a corporation has no leverage (debt). It is applied to appraisal and financial modeling.
- Net Change in Cash: Shift of cash flow from one accounting period to the next. This can be found in the Cash Flow Statement's bottom section.
Uses of Cash Flow
Both running a firm and conducting financial analysis both make extensive use of cash flow. It's actually one of the most crucial measures in all of accounting and finance.
The following are some common cash metrics and uses of cash flow (CF).
- **Net Present Value **– Creating a DCF model and determining the net present value to determine the value of a firm (NPV).
- **Internal Rate of Return **– Calculating the IRR a shareholder receives for a certain investment.
- Liquidity – Evaluating a company's ability to meet its immediate financial commitments.
- Cash Flow Yield – Figuring out the percentage-based relationship between a company's share price and its cash flow per share.
- Cash Flow Per Share (CFPS) – Cash from operations split by the number of outstanding shares.
- Cash Conversion Ratio – The cash conversion ratio measures how long it takes a company to get paid by customers after paying for its inventory (cost of goods sold).
- Funding Gap – A measurement of the gap that a business must fill (how much more cash it needs).
- Dividend Payments – Funding dividend payments to investors may be done through CF.
- Capital Expenditures – CF can also be utilized to finance expansion and investing in the company.
Key Takeaways
- Cash flow is the movement of money into and out of a business.
- Cash spent is an outflow, while cash received is an inflow.
- A cash flow statement is a financial statement that shows a company's cash sources and uses over time.
- Operations, investing, and financing are the three primary sources of a company's cash flow.
- The debt service coverage ratio and free cash flow are two methods used to analyze a company's cash flow.
